Lamin A is a gene on chromosome 1 that encodes a protein which is a key component of the membrane surrounding the cell nucleus.Mutations in the LMNA gene are responsible for a number of genetic disorders. They are involved in the breakdown and reformation of the nuclear envelope during mitosis, as well as the positioning of nuclear pores.
Nuclear lamins, also known as Class V intermediate filaments, are fibrous proteins providing structural function and transcriptional regulation in the cell nucleus. Nuclear lamins interact with membrane-associated proteins to form the nuclear lamina on the interior of the nuclear envelope.
Lamins form dimers through their rod domain and interact with chromatin and integral proteins of the inner nuclear membrane through binding sites located in their carboxy-terminal globular tail. Mammals have two main type lamins. These proteins localize to two regions of the nuclear compartment, the nuclear lamina -- a proteinaceous structure layer subjacent to the inner surface of the nuclear envelope and throughout the nucleoplasm in the nucleoplasmic "veil". Inventory: available form stock. CaaX box that is isoprenylated and carboxymethylated (lamin C does not have a CAAX box). Lamin A is further processed to remove the last 15 amino acids and its farnesylated cysteine. Lamins are intermediate filament-type proteins which form major components of the nuclear lamina.
Comparison of the lamins to cytoskeletal intermediate filaments shows that lamins have an extra 42 residues (six heptads) within coil 1b. The c-terminal tail domain contains a nuclear localization signal (NLS), an Ig-fold-like domain, and in most cases a'][;p carboxy-terminal.
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